HTML Interview Questions and Answers

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the standard language used to create and design webpages.

• Universal Standard
• Simple Syntax
• Accessibility
• Integration with CSS and JavaScript
• Extensibility

HTML is more flexible with syntax rules, while XHTML adheres to stricter XML rules. XHTML requires well-formed documents, including closed tags and lowercase element names.

• Elements: The fundamental building blocks, like <div>, <p>, <a>, etc.
• Tags: Elements are defined by tags, such as <tagname>content</tagname>.
• Attributes: Provide additional information about elements, such as id, class, src, etc.

Tags define the structure and content of HTML elements. E.g., <p>, <div>. Attributes provide additional information about an HTML element. E.g., <img src="image.jpg" alt="Description">.

The syntax of an HTML tag is:

<tagname attribute="value">Content</tagname>

• Opening Tag: <tagname>
• Attributes (optional): attribute="value"
• Content (optional): Text or other tags between the opening and closing tags
• Closing Tag: </tagname>

An attribute provides additional information about an element and is written within the opening tag of the element. Attributes usually come in name-value pairs: name="value".

• Global Attributes: Can be applied to any HTML element (e.g., class, id, style).
• Event Attributes: Trigger JavaScript functions (e.g., onclick, onmouseover).
• Specific Attributes: Relevant to specific tags (e.g., src for <img>, href for <a>).

Block-Level Elements start on a new line and take up the full width available (e.g., <div>, <p>, <h1>). Inline Elements do not start on a new line and take up only as much width as necessary (e.g., <span>, <a>, <strong>).

A hyperlink is created using the <a> tag and allows users to navigate from one page to another. Example:

<a href="https://www.example.com">Visit Example</a>

• Absolute URL: A full URL that includes the protocol and domain (e.g., https://www.example.com/page).
• Relative URL: A partial URL relative to the current page’s URL (e.g., /page or page.html).

A mailto link opens the default email client to send an email. Example:

<a href="mailto:example@example.com">Email Us</a>

The <img> tag is used to embed images in a webpage. Example:

<img src="image.jpg" alt="Description of image">

• JPEG: Common for photos.
• PNG: Supports transparency.
• GIF: Supports animations.
• SVG: Scalable vector graphics.

An HTML table displays data in rows and columns. Example:

<table>
      <tr>
        <th>Header 1</th>
        <th>Header 2</th>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Data 1</td>
        <td>Data 2</td>
      </tr>
    </table>

An HTML form collects user input. Example:

<form action="/submit" method="post">
      <label for="name">Name:</label>
      <input type="text" id="name" name="name">
      <input type="submit" value="Submit">
    </form>

• Text Input: <input type="text">
• Password Input: <input type="password">
• Checkbox: <input type="checkbox">
• Radio Button: <input type="radio">
• Select Menu: <select>
• Button: <button>

• GET: Sends data via the URL, suitable for retrieving data. Data is visible in the URL.
• POST: Sends data in the request body, suitable for submitting data. Data is not visible in the URL.

• Text Area: <textarea> allows multiple lines of input.
• Text Input: <input type="text"> allows single-line input.

An HTML list organizes items into a list format. There are two main types:

• Ordered List (<ol>): Numbered list.
• Unordered List (<ul>): Bulleted list.

• Ordered List: Items are numbered (e.g., <ol><li>Item 1</li></ol>).
• Unordered List: Items are bulleted (e.g., <ul><li>Item 1</li></ul>).

**HTML headings** are used to define headings on a webpage. There are six levels of headings:

• <h1>: Most important heading.
• <h2>: Second level.
• <h3>: Third level.
• <h4>: Fourth level.
• <h5>: Fifth level.
• <h6>: Least important heading.

An HTML paragraph is defined by the <p> tag and represents a block of text.

The <span> tag is used for inline styling or grouping text within a block-level element.

The <div> tag is used for grouping block-level elements and applying styles or scripts.